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Avoid The Hookah and Save Your Teeth

Tobacco smoking, including water pipe smoking, is a risk factor for periodontal disease.

CHICAGO – November 7, 2005 – Smoking a hookah—also known as a water pipe—is becoming an increasingly trendy menu item in Mediterranean restaurants, cafes and bars. People should be warned to “skip this course” according to a study that appeared in the November issue of the Journal of Periodontology. Study Abstract *

Researchers found that the impact of water pipe smoking is largely the same magnitude as that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence of periodontal diseases was 30 percent in water pipe smokers, 24 percent in cigarette smokers and eight percent in non-smokers.

“Research from this study shows that the relative risk for periodontal disease increased by 5-fold in water pipe and 3.8-fold in cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers,” said Kenneth A. Krebs, DMD and AAP president. “Even though the smoke is filtered out by water, inhalation of toxic substances is similar to or even greater than that of cigarette smoking.”

“Many people are mislead in believing that water filters out the toxins and that nicotine is reduced in water pipe smoking,” Krebs continued. “Not only does water pipe smoking include the same substances as cigarette smoke such as carbon monoxide and tar, tobacco used for water pipe smoking contains two to four percent nicotine verses one to three percent for cigarettes.”

Researchers found increased levels of nicotine and cotinine in plasma, saliva and urine, supporting that water pipe smoking affects the periodontal tissues in the same way as cigarette smoking. “This study provides convincing evidence supporting the role of tobacco smoking as a risk factor for periodontal disease,” said Krebs.

“Although the precise mechanisms of action of tobacco smoke are not well understood, it seems highly likely that the periodontal bone is one of the most susceptible tissues,” commented Krebs. “This hypothesis will be further tested by investigating the periodontal bone height levels of various tobacco smokers in the presently studied population.”

About the AAP

The American Academy of Periodontology is an 8,000-member association of dental professionals specializing in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the gums and supporting structures of the teeth and in the placement and maintenance of dental implants. Periodontics is one of nine dental specialties recognized by the American Dental Association.

For more information, contact the AAP Public Affairs Department at 312/573-3242.

* EDITOR'S NOTE: Representatives of the media may contact the AAP Public Affairs Department to receive a copy of the study Tobacco Smoking and Periodontal Health in a Saudi Arabian Population. Abstracts of Journal of Periodontology articles are available to the public online. Full-text of studies may be accessed by AAP members and Journal subscribers or purchased online for $20.

A referral to a periodontist in your area and brochure samples including one titled Tobacco & Gum Disease are available by calling 800-FLOSS-EM or visiting the AAP's Web site at www.perio.org.

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